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La hemofilia adquirida (HA) es una enfermedad producida por un anticuerpo inhibidor del FVIII de la coagulación que se manifiesta con un patrón de sangrado variable. Los pacientes permanecen en riesgo de vida por hemorragia grave hasta que el inhibidor es erradicado. En la actualidad los pilares para un tratamiento exitoso son el diagnóstico rápido y preciso, el control de la hemorragia, la investigación de la causa subyacente y la erradicación del inhibidor con tratamiento inmunosupresor. Ante la sospecha diagnóstica de esta entidad es importante hacer una consulta con un centro especializado, aunque el sangrado no sea significativo. Si bien se encuentra disponible una extensa literatura para el abordaje de HA, esta se basa solo en opiniones de expertos. Para el tratamiento de las hemorragias graves el factor VIIa recombinante (rFVIIa) y concentrado de complejo protrombínico activado son igualmente eficaces y ambos resultaron superiores a factor VIII o desmopresina. La inmunosupresión debería ser iniciada tan pronto como se haga el diagnóstico.
Lo regímenes más utilizados incluyen esteroides solos o combinados con agentes citotóxicos. Rituximab (R) es otra opción terapéutica recomendada en segunda línea.
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